Which elbow test reproduces symptoms by combining elbow flexion and valgus loading?

Which elbow test reproduces symptoms by combining elbow flexion and valgus loading?

• A. Hornblower sign
• B. Maximum elbow flexion test
• C. Valgus overload test of the elbow
• D. Noble

Answer: (C)

The test targets posteromedial elbow pathology by stressing the elbow with valgus force while it’s flexed, then extended. When the elbow is flexed around 20–30 degrees and a valgus load is applied while moving into extension, the posteromedial structures—such as the ulnar collateral ligament region and potential posteromedial impingement—are compressed. If these structures are irritated or insufficent, symptoms are reproduced, making this test sensitive for valgus- or posteromedial elbow pathology, especially in throwers. The other options don’t combine elbow flexion with valgus loading: one is a shoulder/rotator cuff-related sign, another tests pure elbow flexion without valgus stress, and the last is a knee/iliotibial band test, so they don’t fit the scenario described.

The test targets posteromedial elbow pathology by stressing the elbow with valgus force while it’s flexed, then extended. When the elbow is flexed around 20–30 degrees and a valgus load is applied while moving into extension, the posteromedial structures—such as the ulnar collateral ligament region and potential posteromedial impingement—are compressed. If these structures are irritated or insufficent, symptoms are reproduced, making this test sensitive for valgus- or posteromedial elbow pathology, especially in throwers.

The other options don’t combine elbow flexion with valgus loading: one is a shoulder/rotator cuff-related sign, another tests pure elbow flexion without valgus stress, and the last is a knee/iliotibial band test, so they don’t fit the scenario described.